Turno de trabajo y su riesgo de Cáncer: Actualización Bibliográfica / Shift work and the risk of cáncer. Systematic and critical. Reviews

El trabajo por turnos, incluyendo el trabajo nocturno, ha sido la hipótesis de la causa del incremento del riesgo de cáncer. Esta es una revisión de la literatura sobre el trabajo a turnos y su vinculación con el cáncer. Se buscó la literatura indexada en PubMed antes del 21 de diciembre del 2012. Las principales conclusiones de las revisiones de dichos estudios se presentan en el texto. La investigación epidemiológica sobre la asociación entre el trabajo por turnos y el cáncer se ha centrado principalmente en los posibles efectos negativos del trabajo nocturno. La luz en la noche y la hipótesis de la melatonina ha recibido particular atención y propone que la luz en la noche suprime la secreción de melatonina endógena, y esto a su vez puede influir en el riesgo de cáncer a través de una serie de vías directas e indirectas. La evidencia publicada es sugestiva para la asociación entre el trabajo nocturno y el cáncer de mama, pero limitada e inconsistente para los cánceres en otras localizaciones (AU)

Shift work, including night work, has been hypothesized to increase the risk of cancer. Systematic and critical reviews and recent original studies indexed in PubMed prior to 31 December 2012 were retrieved, aided by manual scarches of reference lists. The main conclusions form reviews and principle results form recent studies are presented in text. Epidemiological research on the association between shift work and cancer has primarily focused on the potential negative effects of night work. The light at night and melatonin hypothesis has received particular attention and proposes that light at night suppresses the secretion of endogeneous melatonin, and this in turn may influence risk of cancer through a number of direct and indirect pathways. Published evidence is suggestive for an adverse association between night work and breast cancer but limited and inconsistent for cancers at other sites (AU)

Theileria (Babesia) equi and Babesia caballi infections in horses in Galicia, Spain.

The control of equine piroplasmosis is becoming increasingly important to maintain the international market open to the horse industry. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of equine piroplasmosis (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi) in Galicia, north-west Spain, and to compare haematological and serum biochemistry parameters between non-parasitaemic horses and horses parasitaemic with T. equi and B. caballi. Sixty serum samples (control group) were taken from healthy horses pastured on two farms, and examined for evidence of equine T. equi and B. caballi infection by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Of the 60 samples, 24 (40%) and 17 (28.3%) samples were positive for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. Twelve (20%) samples were positive for both parasites. Haematology and serum biochemistry were compared between controls and a series of 36 horses clinically affected by T. equi (25) or B. caballi (11). Compared with the healthy group, there was a 43% and 37% decrease in the haematocrit for T. equi and B. caballi infection, respectively. Parasitaemic horses presented an intense anaemia and serum biochemistry signs of liver damage. The anaemia was more severe in T. equi-infected than in B. caballi-infected horses. Our results suggest that equine piroplasmosis is widespread in the region and is a cause for concern.

Peritonitis fúngica por Hansenula anómala / Fungal peritonitis caused by Hansenula anomala

La peritonitis en pacientes bajo diálisis peritoneal representa una forma de peritonitis secundaria a menudo causada por bacterias y hongos oportunistas. A pesar de todas las circunstancias clínicas, la mayoría de las peritonitis fúngicas son causadas por levaduras Candida spp, aunque otros hongos representan una proporción cada vez mayor de dichas infecciones. Los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de dichas infecciones incluyen el uso y abuso de catéteres. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 43 años diagnosticado de IRC (insuficiencia renal crónica) por nefropatía diabética, incluido en programa de DPCA (diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria) que presentó una peritonitis fúngica por Hansenula anómala (Pichia anómala), una levadura de la clase Ascomycetes, patógeno oportunista, cuyo comportamiento clínico es similar al de la Candida spp. El diagnóstico de peritonitis fue basado en dolor abdominal, un elevado recuento de leucocitos en el líquido peritoneal y el aislamiento de Hansenula anómala en el cultivó. El paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente tras tratamiento con fluconazol y retirada del catéter peritoneal de Tenckhoff. (AU)

Sepsis por Rahnella aquatilis en un paciente con demencia senil / Septicaemia caused by Rahnella aquatilis in a patient with senile dementia

No disponible

Infestación múltiple por nemátodos / Nematodes infestation

No disponible

Parasitación por Schistosoma haematobium en un viajero / Schistosoma haematobium infection in a traveler

La esquistosomiasis, una infestación transmitida por trematodos, es una de las enfermedades parasitarias más extendidas en el mundo. La infección por Schistosoma haematobium es habitualmente sospechada en inmigrantes procedentes de áreas endémicas que sufren de síntomas del tracto urinario, mientras que el diagnóstico es a menudo retrasado en la mayoría de turistas, con síntomas similares, que regresan de visitar un área endémica. El propósito de este trabajo fue describir el caso de un paciente español que presentó hematuria y que contrajo la infección por S. haematobium durante una visita turística a Egipto. Esta infección parasitaria debería ser sospechada en pacientes que viajan a estas áreas y que cuando retornan sufren de síntomas urinarios (AU)

Case-control study of canine infection by a newly recognised Babesia microti-like piroplasm.

We did a case-control study to identify risk factors for prevalent infection of dogs by a newly recognised Babesia microti-like piroplasm. Clinical manifestations and haematology of infected dogs also were described. Forty-three laboratory-based cases and 86 individually matched controls were studied. Information on clinical signs and on risk factors was collected by a questionnaire and telephone interviews. Haematology was carried out for all the dogs. Variables were screened in a bivariable conditional logistic regression and checked for colinearity. The final multivariable model was selected by backward stepwise elimination. The odds of a case having ticks when examined at the clinic was 4 times that of a control and the odds of a case being a hunting or a house-guarding dog were, respectively, 24.2 and 2.7 times those of a control. The most consistently reported clinical signs were weakness (79%), tachycardia (43%) and haemoglobinuria (42%). Mean red-blood-cell count, haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, and mean platelet volume of infected dogs were lower than the reference values and those of non-infected dogs-but leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume and red-blood-cell distribution width were higher.

Descripción de un caso de blefaritis crónica por Demodex folliculorum / A case report of Demodex Follicorum in chronic blepharitis

No disponible

No disponible

Ixodes hexagonus is the main candidate as vector of Theileria annae in northwest Spain.

Babesia canis and Babesia gibsoni have, until recently, been considered the only piroplasms that parasitise dogs. However, recent reports indicate that "small" Babesia infections in Spanish dogs are surprisingly frequent and molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates that the infecting agent is closely related to Babesia microti. Because the 18SrDNA sequence was not completely identical to that of B. microti, the new name "Theileria annae" was assigned to the canine agent. No information is available regarding the possible vector of the new piroplasm, T. annae. As part of an effort to identify the tick that may transmit T. annae in northwest Spain we asked veterinary surgeons practising in the region to collect and send to our laboratory ticks from dogs visiting their clinics. Seven hundred and twenty ticks collected from dogs of unknown clinical status during 1998 and 636 ticks collected between November 2001 and March 2002 from 38 dogs infected with T. annae and 131 uninfected dogs were identified. Results from the first study indicated that among the Ixodidae, Ixodes hexagonus clearly predominates over Ixodes ricinus (26.11% versus 6.67%). This observation was consistent with results of the second study, in which I. hexagonus was detected in all infected dogs and 71.8% of non-infected dogs and I. ricinus was not detected in either the infected or non-infected dogs. Results from the 2001-2002 study also indicate that the presence of Dermacentor reticulatus adult females is significantly less frequent among infected than non-infected dogs (OR=0.44; 95% CI: 0.21-0.92). On the other hand, I. hexagonus adult females and males are 6.75 and 4.24 times more likely to be detected among infected than non-infected dogs, respectively, with the association being, in both cases, statistically significant (95% CI: 1.97-23.12 and 1.92-9.36, respectively). I. hexagonus emerges as the main candidate as vector of T. annae because it feeds on dogs more frequently than other ticks and because B. microti is transmitted by Ixodes ticks, both in North America and Europe. In the absence of definitive confirmation of this hypothesis, our observations suggest that I. hexagonus might serve the same role as does Ixodes scapularis (=Ixodes dammini), the vector of B. microti in eastern North America.

Babesia canis infection in a splenectomized dog.

The present report describes a fatal case of non-experimental babesiosis in a splenctomized 3-year-old fox terrier. A very intense parasitaemia including clusters of up to 16 Babesiae and a prominent haemophagocytic activity were the most relevant findings. A marked leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and regenerative anaemia were observed. Despite prompt treatment with babesiacidal compounds the condition progressed to acute renal failure and resulted in the death of the animal 48 hours after the onset of symptoms.

Infection of dogs in north-west Spain with a Babesia microti-like agent.

During 1996 a small, ring-shaped, piroplasm was observed in blood smears from 157 dogs in north-west Spain. None of them had previously been in areas endemic for Babesia gibsoni, which was until recently the only small piroplasm known to parasitise dogs. Haematological and serum biochemistry analyses showed that almost all the dogs had an intense regenerative haemolytic anaemia and that in some cases there was evidence of renal failure. A molecular study was made of a sample of the parasite obtained in June 2000. The phylogenetic analysis showed an identity of 100 per cent with the new piroplasm, provisionally denominated as Theileria annae, and 99 per cent with Babesia microti and B. microti-Japan. The results confirm the previous observation of a new form of piroplasm (Theileria annae) which causes disease in dogs in Europe and suggest that it is endemic among the canine population in north-west Spain.

Paludismo importado / Imposted paludism

No disponible

Antígeno prostático específicoen suero materno en unembarazo con enfermedad del tubo neural / Prostate-specific antigens in maternal serum in a pregnancy with tube disease

En los últimos años, un número de trabajos ha cambiado la absoluta especificidad tisular del antiguo prostático específico (PSA). Así, durante el embarazo, el PSA en suero y líquido amniótico de la embarazada se incrementa en relación con la edad gestacional. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 15 semanas de gestación en la que el triple screening prenatal y la ecografía confirmaron el diagnóstico de encefalocele. La particularidad de este caso la constituye el hecho de que se encuentra una asociación entre los bajos niveles de PSA maternos, determinados por una técnica ultrasensible, y la enfermedad del tubo neural (encefalocele). El estudio se completó con la determinación del PSA ultrasensible en embarazadas con fetos normales como un grupo control, siendo sus valores significativamente más altos que el caso clínico que presentamos, sugiriendo que el PSA puede jugar un papel en el desarrollo fetal (AU)